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Perforation of needle
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Abstract Thermal protection systems (TPS) used in spacecraft are likely to be subjected to hypervelocity impacts with debris at the reentry stage. The resultant ultra-high heat flow may damage the payload inside the impacted vehicle. Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites are promising materials for TPS, however they have not been extensively evaluated in terms of crashworthiness at high velocities and temperatures. This work describes the impact resistance of 3D needle-punched carbon-carbon (NP-C/C) composites using both numerical and experimental methods. A multiscale-based model has been developed to predict the ballistic limit of NP-C/C composites. Impact experiments have been performed with a custom-made two-stage light gas gun system at 1200 °C and also higher temperatures. The test results have been used to validate the post-impact state of the targets obtained from the proposed model. The ballistic limits of the NP-C/C composites have also been identified as functions of the impact velocity, the impactor diameter and the target thickness. The predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. Low-thickness NP-C/C laminates show similar absorbed energies per unit weight exhibited by same-dimension Inconel panels tested under comparable temperature and speed impacts, although the NP-C/C composites weight 4.4 times less than the analogous metallic panels.
中文翻译：
摘要 航天器中使用的热保护系统（TPS）在再入阶段很可能会受到碎片的超高速撞击。由此产生的超高热流可能会损坏受影响车辆内的有效载荷。碳纤维增强碳基复合材料是用于 TPS 的有前途的材料，但尚未在高速和高温下的耐撞性方面对其进行广泛评估。这项工作使用数值和实验方法描述了 3D 针刺碳-碳 (NP-C/C) 复合材料的抗冲击性。已经开发了一种基于多尺度的模型来预测 NP-C/C 复合材料的弹道极限。已经使用定制的两级轻气枪系统在 1200 °C 和更高的温度下进行了冲击实验。测试结果已用于验证从所提出的模型中获得的目标的撞击后状态。NP-C/C 复合材料的弹道极限也被确定为冲击速度、冲击器直径和目标厚度的函数。预测与实验数据非常吻合。尽管 NP-C/C 复合材料的重量比类似的金属面板轻 4.4 倍，但低厚度 NP-C/C 层压板显示出与在可比温度和速度冲击下测试的相同尺寸 Inconel 面板表现出的单位重量吸收能量相似。预测与实验数据非常吻合。尽管 NP-C/C 复合材料的重量比类似的金属面板轻 4.4 倍，但低厚度 NP-C/C 层压板显示出与在可比温度和速度冲击下测试的相同尺寸 Inconel 面板表现出的单位重量吸收能量相似。预测与实验数据非常吻合。尽管 NP-C/C 复合材料的重量比类似的金属面板轻 4.4 倍，但低厚度 NP-C/C 层压板显示出与在可比温度和速度冲击下测试的相同尺寸 Inconel 面板表现出的单位重量吸收能量相似。 |
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